What Are the Different Types of Childhood Cancer?
Childhood cancer refers to a range of diseases that develop in children from birth through adolescence. These cancers can begin in different areas of the body and may behave differently from adult cancers.
The most frequently diagnosed types include:
● Leukemia – A cancer affecting the blood and bone marrow.
● Brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors – These can interfere with physical and cognitive functions, depending on their location.
● Lymphomas – Cancers of the lymphatic system, including Hodgkin and
non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
● Neuroblastoma – A tumor that typically starts in the adrenal glands.
● Wilms tumor – A kidney cancer usually found in younger children.
● Bone cancers – Such as osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, more common in teens.
● Retinoblastoma – A rare cancer of the eye that generally affects children under 5.
The Most Common Cancers in Children: What Parents Should Know
In the U.S., leukemia and brain tumors account for a large portion of childhood cancer diagnoses.
● Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood leukemia.
● Brain tumors, including gliomas and medulloblastomas, can present with symptoms like headaches, vision changes, or difficulty with movement.
● Neuroblastoma often appears in children under age 5 and may show up during routine exams.
Treatment options vary widely depending on the diagnosis and the child’s overall health. Many children respond well to therapy, but outcomes depend on multiple factors, including how early the cancer is identified.
Breaking Down Childhood Cancer Stages: From Diagnosis
to Treatment
Understanding how far cancer has progressed helps doctors determine possible treatment approaches. While staging systems differ by cancer type, the process often includes:
- Diagnosis – Involves physical exams, lab tests, imaging, and sometimes a biopsy.
- Staging or risk assessment – Evaluates tumor size, location, and whether the cancer has spread.
- Treatment planning – May involve one or more of the following: chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, or other supportive interventions.
- Ongoing care – Includes follow-up visits, imaging, and lab work to monitor the child’s condition over time.
Some cancers, like leukemia, are grouped by risk category rather than a traditional stage.
Hope and Healing: Support Resources for Families Facing a Diagnosis
Beyond medical care, families often need practical and emotional support. Fortunately, several organizations offer assistance during this time.
Examples include:
● Ray of Hope Cancer Foundation – Provides financial support for Colorado families managing costs related to cancer care.
● Ronald McDonald House Charities – Offers housing near hospitals for families during treatment.
● Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation – Supports families with travel and research funding. Hospitals also have care coordinators and social workers who can help families connect with appropriate programs. It’s okay to ask for help—no one should walk this road alone.
FAQ
Is childhood cancer curable?
Some types of childhood cancer respond well to treatment. However, outcomes vary, and it’s important for families to consult with their care team for accurate information specific to their child’s case.
How is childhood cancer different from adult cancer?
Childhood cancers typically develop more rapidly and are often unrelated to environmental or lifestyle factors. Treatment approaches are usually tailored to the child’s age and diagnosis.
Every Bit of Knowledge Counts
When a child is diagnosed with cancer, knowing what to expect can ease the burden just a little. From understanding the most common types to learning where to turn for support, information helps families feel less alone.
Reach out to Cops Fighting Cancer to support local families navigating pediatric cancer. Whether through awareness or action, your support makes a difference.